Human Reproduction-2 ( Female Reproduction System)

Female Reproductive system:

The female reproductive system has a pair of ovaries along with a pair of over ducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and the external genitalia located in the pelvic region. These parts of the system along with the pair of mammary glands are integrated structurally and functionally to support the ovulation, fertilization, pregnancy, birth, and childcare.

Ovaries are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gemmate and several steroid hormones. these are located one on each side of the lower abdomen.

The over ducts, uterus, and vagina constitute the female accessory ducts. Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the uterus, the part closer to the ovary is the funnel-shaped infundibulum. The edges of infundibulum possess finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help in the collection of the ovum after ovulation.

The Uterus is single and it is also called womb. The shape of this uterus s like an inverted pear and it is attached to the pelvic wall. The uterus opens into the vagina through a narrow cervix. The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which along with vagina forms the birth canal. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue. The external thin membranous perimetrium, middle thick layer of smooth muscle, myometrium and an inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines the uterine cavity.

The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen. The clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening. The hymen is often torn during the first coitus.

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